Higher Lessons in English A work on english grammar and composition by Kellogg, Brainerd, Reed, Alonzo, 1899-

+Oral Analysis+.--_Vulgar_ is the attribute complement, completing the predicate and expressing a quality of slang; _is vulgar_ is the entire predicate.

2. The sea is fascinating and treacherous. 3. The mountains are grand, tranquil, and lovable. 4. The Saxon words in English are simple, homely, and substantial. 5. The French and the Latin words in English are elegant, dignified, and artificial. [Footnote: The assertion in this sentence is true only in the main.] 6. The ear is the ever-open gateway of the soul. 7. The verb is the life of the sentence. 8. Good-breeding is surface-Christianity. 9. A dainty plant is the ivy green.

+Explanation+.--The subject names that of which the speaker says something. The terms in which he says it,--the predicate,--he, of course, assumes that the hearer already understands. Settle, then, which--plant or ivy--Dickens supposed the reader to know least about, and which, therefore, Dickens was telling him about; and you settle which word--_plant_ or _ivy_--is the subject. (Is it not the writer's poetical conception of "the green ivy" that the reader is supposed not to possess?)

10. The highest outcome of culture is simplicity. 11. Stillness of person and steadiness of features are signal marks of good-breeding. 12. The north wind is full of courage, and puts the stamina of endurance into a man. 13. The west wind is hopeful, and has promise and adventure in it. 14. The east wind is peevishness and mental rheumatism and grumbling, and curls one up in the chimney-corner. 15. The south wind is full of longing and unrest and effeminate suggestions of luxurious ease.

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LESSON 30.

ATTRIBUTE COMPLEMENTS--CONTINUED.

Analysis.

1. He went out as mate and came back captain.

as --- ' went \ ' mate /======================= He | / ' \out ====|=and ' | \ ' came \ captain \======================= \back

+Explanation+.--_Mate_, like _captain_, is an attribute complement. Some would say that the conjunction _as_ connects _mate_ to _he_; but we think this connection is made through the verb _went_, and that _as_ is simply introductory. This is indicated in the diagram.

2. The sun shines bright and hot at midday. 3. Velvet feels smooth, and looks rich and glossy. 4. She grew tall, queenly, and beautiful. 5. Plato and Aristotle are called the two head-springs of all philosophy. 6. Under the Roman law, every son was regarded as a slave. 7. He came a foe and returned a friend. 8. I am here. I am present.

+Explanation+.--The office of an adverb sometimes seems to fade into that of an adjective attribute and is not easily distinguished from it. _Here_, like an adjective, seems to complete _am_, and, like an adverb to modify it. From their form and usual function, _here,_ in this example, should be called an adverb, and _present_ an adjective.