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Higher Lessons in English A work on english grammar and composition by Kellogg, Brainerd, Reed, Alonzo, 1899-

103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113

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Higher Lessons In English. A Work On English Grammar And Composition, Preface.

Authors' Note To Revised Edition.

* * * * * Lesson 1. A Talk On Language.

* * * * * Lesson 2. A Talk On Thoughts And Sentences.

* * * * * Lesson 3. A Talk On Sounds And Letters.

* * * * * Lesson 4. Analysis And The Diagram.

* * * * * Lesson 8. Classes Of Words. Nouns. Pronouns.

* * * * * Lesson 9. Capital Letters.

* * * * * Lesson 10. Abbreviations.

* * * * * Lesson 11. Verbs.

* * * * * Lesson 12. Modified Subject. Adjectives.

* * * * * Lesson 13. Composition-adjectives.

* * * * * Lesson 14. Modified Predicate. Adverbs.

* * * * * Lesson 18. Composition-prepositional Phrases.

* * * * * Lesson 21. Composition-connected Terms And Interjections.

* * * * * Lesson 25. Miscellaneous Exercises In Review. Analysis.

* * * * * Lesson 26. Written Parsing.

* * * * * Lesson 29. Nouns And Adjectives As Attribute Complements.

* * * * * Lesson 30. Attribute Complements-continued.

* * * * * Lesson 33. Nouns As Adjective Modifiers.

* * * * * Lesson 34. Composition-nouns As Adjective Modifiers.

* * * * * Lesson 35. Nouns As Adverb Modifiers.

* * * * * Lesson 38. Participles-continued.

* * * * * Lesson 39. Composition-participles.

* * * * * Lesson 40. Verbs As Nouns-infinitives.

* * * * * Lesson 41. Infinitives-continued.

* * * * * Lesson 44. Words And Phrases Used Independently.

* * * * * Lesson 47. Miscellaneous Exercises In Review

* * * * * Lesson 52. Arrangement-transposed Order.

* * * * * Lesson 53. Arrangement-transposed Order.

* * * * * Lesson 54. Arrangement-transposed Order.

* * * * * Lesson 55. Arrangement-interrogative Sentences.

Lesson 56. Arrangement-imperative And Exclamatory Sentences. * * * * * Lesson 57. Contraction Of Sentences.

* * * * * Lesson 60. Adjective Clauses-continued.

* * * * * Lesson 61. Composition-adjective Clause.

* * * * * Lesson 62. * * * * * Lesson 63. Complex Sentence-adverb Clause.

* * * * * Lesson 64. Adverb Clause-continued.

* * * * * Lesson 65. Adverb Clause-continued.

* * * * * Lesson 69. Analysis.

* * * * * Lesson 72. Noun Clause-continued.

* * * * * Lesson 73. Composition-noun Clause.

* * * * * Lesson 74. Composition-noun Clause-continued.

Sentences Classified With Respect To Form.

* * * * * Lesson 77. Composition-compound Sentence.

* * * * * Lesson 78. Complex And Compound Clauses.

* * * * * Lesson 84. Review. General Review. +parts.+

Suggestions For Composition Work.

Suggestions For Composition Work.

From Franklin's "autobiography." * * * * *

Suggestions For Composition Work. * * * * * From C. D. Warner's "my Summer In A Garden."

Suggestions Fob Composition Work. From Beecher's "lectures To Young Men." * * * * *

Suggestions Fob Composition Work.

Extract From Daniel Webster. * * * * *

* * * * * Parts Of Speech Subdivided Lesson 85. Classes Of Nouns And Pronouns.

* * * * * Lesson 86. Construction Of Pronouns.

Lesson 87. Construction Of Pronouns-continued.

+definitions+. * * * * * Lesson 90. Construction Of Adjectives.

Lesson 91. Construction Of Adjectives-continued. Lesson 92. Classes Of Verbs And Adverbs.

* * * * * Lesson 94. Construction Of Adverbs-continued. Lesson 95. Prepositions.

Lesson 96. Construction Of Prepositions.

* * * * * Lesson 107. Construction Of Connectives.

* * * * * Lesson 108. Miscellaneous Errors.

Lesson 109. Various Uses Of What, That, And But. * * * * * Lesson 110. Review Questions.

Number. +definitions+. Number Forms.

* * * * * Lesson 113. Number Forms-continued.

* * * * * Lesson 114. Number Forms-continued.

Lesson 117. Nouns And Pronouns-gender. * * * * * +definitions+.

* * * * * Lesson 118. Gender Forms In Construction.

* * * * * Lesson 119. Nouns And Pronouns-person And Case.

Lesson 120. Analysis And Parsing. * * * * * Lesson 121. Parsing.

* * * * * Lesson 122. Case Forms-nouns.

* * * * * Lesson 123. Construction Of Possessive Forms.

Lesson 124. Number And Case Forms. Personal Pronouns.

Compound Personal Pronouns.

* * * * * Lesson 125. Case Forms-pronouns.

* * * * * Lesson 126. Construction Of Case Forms. Miscellaneous-review.

* * * * * Lesson 127. Comparison. +definitions+. Rules For Spelling.

* * * * * Lesson 128. Construction Of Comparatives And Superlatives.

* * * * * Lesson 130. Composition-voice.

* * * * * Lesson 131. Modifications Of The Verb-continued. Mode, Tense, Number, And Person.

Lesson 132. Forms Of The Verb. Conjugation. +definitions+.

* * * * * Lesson 133. List Of Irregular Verbs-continued.

Tense Forms-meaning.

* * * * * Lesson 141. Construction Of Mode And Tense Forms-continued.

* * * * * Lesson 142. Construction Of Number And Person Forms. Agreement.-verbs-pronouns.

General Review. * * * * * Lesson 143. Review Questions.

* * * * * Additional Examples For Analysis.

* * * * * Composition. Lesson 146. Summary Of Rules For Capital Letters And Punctuation. Capital Letters, Terminal Marks, And The Comma.

* * * * * Lesson 147. Summary Of Rules-continued. Semicolon And Colon.

* * * * * Lesson 148. Summary Of Rules-continued.

* * * * * Lesson 149. Capital Letters And Punctuation-review.

* * * * * Lesson 150. Qualities Of Style.

Lesson 151. Perspicuity-criticism.

* * * * * Lesson 154. Figures Of Speech-criticism.

* * * * * Lesson 155. Variety In Expression.

* * * * * Lesson 156. The Paragraph.

* * * * * Lesson 159. Paragraphs And The Theme.

* * * * * Lesson 160. Paragraphs And The Theme.

* * * * * Lesson 165. How To Write A Theme.

* * * * * Lesson 166. Letter-writing. The Heading.

The Introduction.

* * * * * Lesson 167. Letter-writing-continued. The Body Of The Letter. The Conclusion.

* * * * * Lesson 168. Letter-writing-continued. The Superscription.

A Summary Of The Rules Of Syntax. Conjugation Of The Verb.

LESSON 109.

VARIOUS USES OF WHAT, THAT, AND BUT.

+What+ may be used as a +relative pronoun+, an +interrogative pronoun+, a +definitive adjective+, an +adverb+, and an +interjection+.

+Examples+.--He did _what_ was right. _What_ did he say? _What_ man is happy with the toothache? _What_ with confinement and _what_ with bad diet, the prisoner found himself reduced to a skeleton (here _what_ = _partly_, and modifies the phrase following it). _What_! you a lion?

+That+ may be used as a +relative pronoun+, an +adjective+ +pronoun+, a +definitive adjective+, a +conjunction+, and a +conjunctive adverb+.

+Examples+.--He _that_ does a good deed is instantly ennobled. _That_ is heroism. _That_ man is a hero. We eat _that_ we may live. It was so cold _that_ the mercury froze.

+But+ may be used as a +conjunction+, an +adverb+, an +adjective+, and a +preposition+.

+Examples+.--The ostrich is a bird, _but_ (adversative conjunction) it cannot fly. Not a sparrow falls _but_ (= unless--subordinate conjunction) God wills it. He was all _but_ (conjunction or preposition) dead = He was all dead, _but_ he was not dead, or He was all (anything in that line) _except_ (the climax) dead. No man is so wicked _but_ (conjunctive adverb) he loves virtue = No man is wicked _to that degree in which_ he loves _not_ virtue (_so_ = _to that degree_, _but_ = _in which not_). We meet _but_ (adverb = _only_) to part. Life is _but_ (adjective = _only_) a dream. All _but_ (preposition = _except_) him had fled. The tears of love were hopeless _but_ (preposition = _except_) for thee. I cannot _but_ remember = I cannot do anything _but_ (preposition = _except_) remember. There is no fireside _but_ (preposition) has one vacant chair (_except the one which_ has); or, regarding _but_ as a negative relative = _that not_, the sentence = There is no fireside _that_ has _not_ one vacant chair.

+Direction+.--_Study the examples given above, point out the exact use of what, that, and but in these sentences, and then analyze the sentences_:--

1. He did nothing but laugh. 2. It was once supposed that crystal is ice frozen so hard that it cannot be thawed. 3. What love equals a mother's? 4. There is nobody here but me. 5. The fine arts were all but proscribed. 6. There's not a breeze but whispers of thy name. 7. The longest life is but a day. 8. What if the bee love not these barren boughs? 9. That life is long which answers life's great end. 10. What! I the weaker vessel? 11. Whom should I obey but thee? 12 What by industry and what by economy, he had amassed a fortune. 13. I long ago found that out. 14. One should not always eat what he likes. 15. There's not a white hair on your face but should have its effect of gravity. 16. It was a look that, but for its quiet, would have seemed disdain. 17. He came but to return.

* * * * *

LESSON 110.

REVIEW QUESTIONS.